diff --git a/src/frontend/imgui/Window.cpp b/src/frontend/imgui/Window.cpp
index 927415fa..fff8821a 100644
--- a/src/frontend/imgui/Window.cpp
+++ b/src/frontend/imgui/Window.cpp
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 #include <Window.hpp>
-#include <util.hpp>
 #include <nfd.hpp>
 #include <Core.hpp>
-#include <utility>
 #include <Audio.hpp>
 #include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
 #include <filesystem>
@@ -49,18 +47,6 @@ static void check_vk_result(VkResult err) {
   }
 }
 
-inline ImU8 readHandler(const ImU8* core_, size_t offset) {
-  auto* core = reinterpret_cast<n64::Core*>(const_cast<ImU8*>(core_));
-  auto& mem = core->mem;
-  return mem.Read8<false, false>(core->cpu.regs, offset, core->cpu.regs.oldPC);
-}
-
-inline void writeHandler(ImU8* core_, size_t offset, ImU8 value) {
-  auto* core = reinterpret_cast<n64::Core*>(const_cast<ImU8*>(core_));
-  auto& mem = core->mem;
-  mem.Write8<false, false>(core->cpu.regs, offset, value, core->cpu.regs.oldPC);
-}
-
 void Window::InitImgui(const n64::Core& core) {
   VkResult err;
 
@@ -135,10 +121,6 @@ void Window::InitImgui(const n64::Core& core) {
     ImGui_ImplVulkan_CreateFontsTexture(commandBuffer);
     SubmitRequestedVkCommandBuffer();
   }
-
-  memoryEditor.ReadFn = readHandler;
-  memoryEditor.WriteFn = writeHandler;
-  memoryEditor.Cols = 32;
 }
 
 Window::~Window() {
@@ -187,6 +169,7 @@ void Window::Render(n64::Core& core) {
   ImGui::PushFont(uiFont);
 
   u32 ticks = SDL_GetTicks();
+  static u32 lastFrame = 0;
   if(!core.pause && lastFrame < ticks - 1000) {
     lastFrame = ticks;
     windowTitle += fmt::format("  | {:02d} In-Game FPS", core.mem.mmio.vi.swaps);
@@ -195,13 +178,7 @@ void Window::Render(n64::Core& core) {
     windowTitle = shadowWindowTitle;
   }
   static bool showSettings = false;
-  static bool showMemEditor = false;
   bool showMainMenuBar = windowID == SDL_GetWindowID(SDL_GetMouseFocus());
-  if(showMemEditor) {
-    ImGui::PushFont(codeFont);
-    memoryEditor.DrawWindow("Memory viewer", &core, 0x80000000);
-    ImGui::PopFont();
-  }
   if(showMainMenuBar) {
     ImGui::BeginMainMenuBar();
     if (ImGui::BeginMenu("File")) {
@@ -250,7 +227,6 @@ void Window::Render(n64::Core& core) {
       if (ImGui::MenuItem("Settings")) {
         showSettings = true;
       }
-      ImGui::Checkbox("Show memory editor", &showMemEditor);
       ImGui::EndMenu();
     }
     ImGui::EndMainMenuBar();
diff --git a/src/frontend/imgui/Window.hpp b/src/frontend/imgui/Window.hpp
index e5b47d5d..5f2eb2d2 100644
--- a/src/frontend/imgui/Window.hpp
+++ b/src/frontend/imgui/Window.hpp
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 #include <imgui.h>
 #include <imgui_impl_sdl.h>
 #include <imgui_impl_vulkan.h>
-#include <imgui_memory_editor.h>
 #include <SDL.h>
 #include <Core.hpp>
 #include <vector>
@@ -14,16 +13,15 @@ struct Window {
   ImDrawData* Present(n64::Core& core);
 
   [[nodiscard]] bool gotClosed(SDL_Event event);
-  ImFont *uiFont, *codeFont;
-  u32 windowID;
+  ImFont *uiFont{}, *codeFont{};
+  u32 windowID{};
   float volumeL = 0.5, volumeR = 0.5;
   void LoadROM(n64::Core& core, const std::string& path);
 private:
   bool lockVolume = true;
-  SDL_Window* window;
+  SDL_Window* window{};
   std::string windowTitle;
   std::string shadowWindowTitle;
-  u32 lastFrame = 0;
   void InitSDL();
   void InitImgui(const n64::Core& core);
   void Render(n64::Core& core);
@@ -36,8 +34,5 @@ private:
   VkDescriptorPool descriptorPool{};
   VkAllocationCallbacks* allocator{};
 
-  MemoryEditor memoryEditor;
-
   u32 minImageCount = 2;
-  bool rebuildSwapchain = false;
 };
diff --git a/src/n64/core/MMIO.cpp b/src/n64/core/MMIO.cpp
index 1c1596f7..2563e0e8 100644
--- a/src/n64/core/MMIO.cpp
+++ b/src/n64/core/MMIO.cpp
@@ -19,46 +19,33 @@ void MMIO::Reset() {
   si.Reset();
 }
 
-template <bool crashOnUnimplemented>
 u32 MMIO::Read(u32 addr) {
   switch (addr) {
-    case 0x04040000 ... 0x040FFFFF: return rsp.Read<crashOnUnimplemented>(addr);
-    case 0x04100000 ... 0x041FFFFF: return rdp.Read<crashOnUnimplemented>(addr);
-    case 0x04300000 ... 0x043FFFFF: return mi.Read<crashOnUnimplemented>(addr);
-    case 0x04400000 ...	0x044FFFFF: return vi.Read<crashOnUnimplemented>(addr);
+    case 0x04040000 ... 0x040FFFFF: return rsp.Read(addr);
+    case 0x04100000 ... 0x041FFFFF: return rdp.Read(addr);
+    case 0x04300000 ... 0x043FFFFF: return mi.Read(addr);
+    case 0x04400000 ...	0x044FFFFF: return vi.Read(addr);
     case 0x04500000 ... 0x045FFFFF: return ai.Read(addr);
-    case 0x04600000 ... 0x046FFFFF: return pi.Read<crashOnUnimplemented>(mi, addr);
-    case 0x04700000 ... 0x047FFFFF: return ri.Read<crashOnUnimplemented>(addr);
-    case 0x04800000 ... 0x048FFFFF: return si.Read<crashOnUnimplemented>(mi, addr);
+    case 0x04600000 ... 0x046FFFFF: return pi.Read(mi, addr);
+    case 0x04700000 ... 0x047FFFFF: return ri.Read(addr);
+    case 0x04800000 ... 0x048FFFFF: return si.Read(mi, addr);
     default:
-      if constexpr (crashOnUnimplemented) {
-        util::panic("Unhandled mmio read at addr {:08X}\n", addr);
-      }
-      return 0;
+      util::panic("Unhandled mmio read at addr {:08X}\n", addr);
   }
 }
 
-template u32 MMIO::Read<true>(u32);
-template u32 MMIO::Read<false>(u32);
-
-template <bool crashOnUnimplemented>
 void MMIO::Write(Mem& mem, Registers& regs, u32 addr, u32 val) {
   switch (addr) {
-    case 0x04040000 ... 0x040FFFFF: rsp.Write<crashOnUnimplemented>(mem, regs, addr, val); break;
-    case 0x04100000 ... 0x041FFFFF: rdp.Write<crashOnUnimplemented>(mi, regs, rsp, addr, val); break;
-    case 0x04300000 ... 0x043FFFFF: mi.Write<crashOnUnimplemented>(regs, addr, val); break;
-    case 0x04400000 ...	0x044FFFFF: vi.Write<crashOnUnimplemented>(mi, regs, addr, val); break;
-    case 0x04500000 ... 0x045FFFFF: ai.Write<crashOnUnimplemented>(mem, regs, addr, val); break;
-    case 0x04600000 ... 0x046FFFFF: pi.Write<crashOnUnimplemented>(mem, regs, addr, val); break;
-    case 0x04700000 ... 0x047FFFFF: ri.Write<crashOnUnimplemented>(addr, val); break;
-    case 0x04800000 ... 0x048FFFFF: si.Write<crashOnUnimplemented>(mem, regs, addr, val); break;
+    case 0x04040000 ... 0x040FFFFF: rsp.Write(mem, regs, addr, val); break;
+    case 0x04100000 ... 0x041FFFFF: rdp.Write(mi, regs, rsp, addr, val); break;
+    case 0x04300000 ... 0x043FFFFF: mi.Write(regs, addr, val); break;
+    case 0x04400000 ...	0x044FFFFF: vi.Write(mi, regs, addr, val); break;
+    case 0x04500000 ... 0x045FFFFF: ai.Write(mem, regs, addr, val); break;
+    case 0x04600000 ... 0x046FFFFF: pi.Write(mem, regs, addr, val); break;
+    case 0x04700000 ... 0x047FFFFF: ri.Write(addr, val); break;
+    case 0x04800000 ... 0x048FFFFF: si.Write(mem, regs, addr, val); break;
     default:
-      if constexpr (crashOnUnimplemented) {
-        util::panic("Unhandled mmio write at addr {:08X} with val {:08X}\n", addr, val);
-      }
+      util::panic("Unhandled mmio write at addr {:08X} with val {:08X}\n", addr, val);
   }
 }
-
-template void MMIO::Write<true>(Mem&, Registers&, u32, u32);
-template void MMIO::Write<false>(Mem&, Registers&, u32, u32);
 }
diff --git a/src/n64/core/MMIO.hpp b/src/n64/core/MMIO.hpp
index a1b3c385..f102b324 100644
--- a/src/n64/core/MMIO.hpp
+++ b/src/n64/core/MMIO.hpp
@@ -24,9 +24,7 @@ struct MMIO {
   RSP rsp;
   RDP rdp;
 
-  template <bool crashOnUnimplemented = true>
   u32 Read(u32);
-  template <bool crashOnUnimplemented = true>
   void Write(Mem&, Registers&, u32, u32);
 };
 }
diff --git a/src/n64/core/Mem.cpp b/src/n64/core/Mem.cpp
index 7d511b98..71c7db11 100644
--- a/src/n64/core/Mem.cpp
+++ b/src/n64/core/Mem.cpp
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ bool MapVAddr(Registers& regs, TLBAccessType accessType, u64 vaddr, u32& paddr)
 template bool MapVAddr<true>(Registers& regs, TLBAccessType accessType, u64 vaddr, u32& paddr);
 template bool MapVAddr<false>(Registers& regs, TLBAccessType accessType, u64 vaddr, u32& paddr);
 
-template <bool tlb, bool crashOnUnimplemented>
+template <bool tlb>
 u8 Mem::Read8(n64::Registers &regs, u64 vaddr, s64 pc) {
   u32 paddr = vaddr;
   if(!MapVAddr<tlb>(regs, LOAD, vaddr, paddr)) {
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ u8 Mem::Read8(n64::Registers &regs, u64 vaddr, s64 pc) {
         return mmio.rsp.dmem[BYTE_ADDRESS(paddr) & DMEM_DSIZE];
     case 0x04040000 ... 0x040FFFFF: case 0x04100000 ... 0x041FFFFF:
     case 0x04300000 ...	0x044FFFFF: case 0x04500000 ... 0x048FFFFF:
-      return mmio.Read<crashOnUnimplemented>(paddr);
+      return mmio.Read(paddr);
     case 0x10000000 ... 0x1FBFFFFF:
       paddr = (paddr + 2) & ~2;
       return cart[BYTE_ADDRESS(paddr) & romMask];
@@ -99,10 +99,7 @@ u8 Mem::Read8(n64::Registers &regs, u64 vaddr, s64 pc) {
     case 0x00800000 ... 0x03FFFFFF: case 0x04200000 ... 0x042FFFFF:
     case 0x04900000 ... 0x0FFFFFFF: case 0x1FC00800 ... 0xFFFFFFFF: return 0;
     default:
-      if constexpr (crashOnUnimplemented) {
-        util::panic("Unimplemented 8-bit read at address {:08X} (PC = {:016X})\n", paddr, (u64)regs.pc);
-      }
-      return 0;
+      util::panic("Unimplemented 8-bit read at address {:08X} (PC = {:016X})\n", paddr, (u64)regs.pc);
   }
 }
 
@@ -201,10 +198,8 @@ u64 Mem::Read64(n64::Registers &regs, u64 vaddr, s64 pc) {
   }
 }
 
-template u8 Mem::Read8<false, false>(n64::Registers &regs, u64 vaddr, s64 pc);
-template u8 Mem::Read8<false, true>(n64::Registers &regs, u64 vaddr, s64 pc);
-template u8 Mem::Read8<true, false>(n64::Registers &regs, u64 vaddr, s64 pc);
-template u8 Mem::Read8<true, true>(n64::Registers &regs, u64 vaddr, s64 pc);
+template u8 Mem::Read8<false>(n64::Registers &regs, u64 vaddr, s64 pc);
+template u8 Mem::Read8<true>(n64::Registers &regs, u64 vaddr, s64 pc);
 template u16 Mem::Read16<false>(n64::Registers &regs, u64 vaddr, s64 pc);
 template u16 Mem::Read16<true>(n64::Registers &regs, u64 vaddr, s64 pc);
 template u32 Mem::Read32<false>(n64::Registers &regs, u64 vaddr, s64 pc);
@@ -212,7 +207,7 @@ template u32 Mem::Read32<true>(n64::Registers &regs, u64 vaddr, s64 pc);
 template u64 Mem::Read64<false>(n64::Registers &regs, u64 vaddr, s64 pc);
 template u64 Mem::Read64<true>(n64::Registers &regs, u64 vaddr, s64 pc);
 
-template <bool tlb, bool crashOnUnimplemented>
+template <bool tlb>
 void Mem::Write8(Registers& regs, u64 vaddr, u32 val, s64 pc) {
   u32 paddr = vaddr;
   if(!MapVAddr<tlb>(regs, STORE, vaddr, paddr)) {
@@ -233,7 +228,7 @@ void Mem::Write8(Registers& regs, u64 vaddr, u32 val, s64 pc) {
         util::WriteAccess<u32>(mmio.rsp.dmem, paddr & DMEM_DSIZE, val);
       break;
     case 0x04040000 ... 0x040FFFFF: case 0x04100000 ... 0x041FFFFF:
-    case 0x04300000 ...	0x044FFFFF: case 0x04500000 ... 0x048FFFFF: mmio.Write<crashOnUnimplemented>(*this, regs, paddr, val); break;
+    case 0x04300000 ...	0x044FFFFF: case 0x04500000 ... 0x048FFFFF: mmio.Write(*this, regs, paddr, val); break;
     case 0x10000000 ... 0x13FFFFFF: break;
     case 0x1FC007C0 ... 0x1FC007FF:
       val = val << (8 * (3 - (paddr & 3)));
@@ -245,9 +240,7 @@ void Mem::Write8(Registers& regs, u64 vaddr, u32 val, s64 pc) {
     case 0x08000000 ... 0x0FFFFFFF: case 0x04900000 ... 0x07FFFFFF:
     case 0x1FC00800 ... 0x7FFFFFFF: case 0x80000000 ... 0xFFFFFFFF: break;
     default:
-      if constexpr (crashOnUnimplemented) {
-        util::panic("Unimplemented 8-bit write at address {:08X} with value {:0X} (PC = {:016X})\n", paddr, val, (u64)regs.pc);
-      }
+      util::panic("Unimplemented 8-bit write at address {:08X} with value {:0X} (PC = {:016X})\n", paddr, val, (u64)regs.pc);
   }
 }
 
@@ -363,10 +356,8 @@ void Mem::Write64(Registers& regs, u64 vaddr, u64 val, s64 pc) {
   }
 }
 
-template void Mem::Write8<false, false>(Registers& regs, u64 vaddr, u32 val, s64 pc);
-template void Mem::Write8<false, true>(Registers& regs, u64 vaddr, u32 val, s64 pc);
-template void Mem::Write8<true, false>(Registers& regs, u64 vaddr, u32 val, s64 pc);
-template void Mem::Write8<true, true>(Registers& regs, u64 vaddr, u32 val, s64 pc);
+template void Mem::Write8<false>(Registers& regs, u64 vaddr, u32 val, s64 pc);
+template void Mem::Write8<true>(Registers& regs, u64 vaddr, u32 val, s64 pc);
 template void Mem::Write16<false>(Registers& regs, u64 vaddr, u32 val, s64 pc);
 template void Mem::Write16<true>(Registers& regs, u64 vaddr, u32 val, s64 pc);
 template void Mem::Write32<false>(Registers& regs, u64 vaddr, u32 val, s64 pc);
diff --git a/src/n64/core/Mem.hpp b/src/n64/core/Mem.hpp
index 48b34c58..10f1d0a5 100644
--- a/src/n64/core/Mem.hpp
+++ b/src/n64/core/Mem.hpp
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ struct Mem {
     return mmio.rdp.dram.data();
   }
 
-  template <bool tlb = true, bool crashOnUnimplemented = true>
+  template <bool tlb = true>
   u8 Read8(Registers&, u64, s64);
   template <bool tlb = true>
   u16 Read16(Registers&, u64, s64);
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ struct Mem {
   u32 Read32(Registers&, u64, s64);
   template <bool tlb = true>
   u64 Read64(Registers&, u64, s64);
-  template <bool tlb = true, bool crashOnUnimplemented = true>
+  template <bool tlb = true>
   void Write8(Registers&, u64, u32, s64);
   template <bool tlb = true>
   void Write16(Registers&, u64, u32, s64);
diff --git a/src/n64/core/RDP.cpp b/src/n64/core/RDP.cpp
index 3b321797..955e8cdf 100644
--- a/src/n64/core/RDP.cpp
+++ b/src/n64/core/RDP.cpp
@@ -23,7 +23,6 @@ static const int cmd_lens[64] = {
   2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2,  2
 };
 
-template <bool crashOnUnimplemented>
 auto RDP::Read(u32 addr) const -> u32 {
   switch(addr) {
     case 0x04100000: return dpc.start;
@@ -36,32 +35,20 @@ auto RDP::Read(u32 addr) const -> u32 {
     case 0x04100018: return dpc.status.pipeBusy;
     case 0x0410001C: return dpc.tmem;
     default:
-      if constexpr (crashOnUnimplemented) {
-        util::panic("Unhandled DP Command Registers read (addr: {:08X})\n", addr);
-      }
-      return 0;
+      util::panic("Unhandled DP Command Registers read (addr: {:08X})\n", addr);
   }
 }
 
-template auto RDP::Read<true>(u32 addr) const -> u32;
-template auto RDP::Read<false>(u32 addr) const -> u32;
-
-template <bool crashOnUnimplemented>
 void RDP::Write(MI& mi, Registers& regs, RSP& rsp, u32 addr, u32 val) {
   switch(addr) {
     case 0x04100000: WriteStart(val); break;
     case 0x04100004: WriteEnd(mi, regs, rsp, val); break;
     case 0x0410000C: WriteStatus(mi, regs, rsp, val); break;
     default:
-      if constexpr (crashOnUnimplemented) {
-        util::panic("Unhandled DP Command Registers write (addr: {:08X}, val: {:08X})\n", addr, val);
-      }
+      util::panic("Unhandled DP Command Registers write (addr: {:08X}, val: {:08X})\n", addr, val);
   }
 }
 
-template void RDP::Write<true>(MI&, Registers&, RSP&, u32, u32);
-template void RDP::Write<false>(MI&, Registers&, RSP&, u32, u32);
-
 void RDP::WriteStatus(MI& mi, Registers& regs, RSP& rsp, u32 val) {
   DPCStatusWrite temp{};
   temp.raw = val;
diff --git a/src/n64/core/RDP.hpp b/src/n64/core/RDP.hpp
index e1ab5014..4fd39dc8 100644
--- a/src/n64/core/RDP.hpp
+++ b/src/n64/core/RDP.hpp
@@ -58,9 +58,7 @@ struct RDP {
   void Reset();
 
   std::vector<u8> dram;
-  template <bool crashOnUnimplemented = true>
   [[nodiscard]] auto Read(u32 addr) const -> u32;
-  template <bool crashOnUnimplemented = true>
   void Write(MI& mi, Registers& regs, RSP& rsp, u32 addr, u32 val);
   void WriteStatus(MI& mi, Registers& regs, RSP& rsp, u32 val);
   void RunCommand(MI& mi, Registers& regs, RSP& rsp);
diff --git a/src/n64/core/RSP.cpp b/src/n64/core/RSP.cpp
index 5e34c176..01426d35 100644
--- a/src/n64/core/RSP.cpp
+++ b/src/n64/core/RSP.cpp
@@ -73,7 +73,6 @@ void RSP::Step(Registers& regs, Mem& mem) {
   //logRSP(*this, instr);
 }
 
-template <bool crashOnUnimplemented>
 auto RSP::Read(u32 addr) -> u32{
   switch (addr) {
     case 0x04040000: return lastSuccessfulSPAddr.raw & 0x1FF8;
@@ -84,23 +83,13 @@ auto RSP::Read(u32 addr) -> u32{
     case 0x04040014: return spStatus.dmaFull;
     case 0x04040018: return 0;
     case 0x0404001C:
-      if constexpr (crashOnUnimplemented) {
-        return semaphore;
-      }
       return AcquireSemaphore();
     case 0x04080000: return pc & 0xFFC;
     default:
-      if constexpr (crashOnUnimplemented) {
-        util::panic("Unimplemented SP register read {:08X}\n", addr);
-      }
-      return 0;
+      util::panic("Unimplemented SP register read {:08X}\n", addr);
   }
 }
 
-template auto RSP::Read<true>(u32 addr) -> u32;
-template auto RSP::Read<false>(u32 addr) -> u32;
-
-template <bool crashOnUnimplemented>
 void RSP::Write(Mem& mem, Registers& regs, u32 addr, u32 value) {
   MI& mi = mem.mmio.mi;
   switch (addr) {
@@ -121,12 +110,7 @@ void RSP::Write(Mem& mem, Registers& regs, u32 addr, u32 value) {
         SetPC(value);
       } break;
     default:
-      if constexpr (crashOnUnimplemented) {
-        util::panic("Unimplemented SP register write {:08X}, val: {:08X}\n", addr, value);
-      }
+      util::panic("Unimplemented SP register write {:08X}, val: {:08X}\n", addr, value);
   }
 }
-
-template void RSP::Write<true>(n64::Mem &mem, n64::Registers &regs, u32 addr, u32 value);
-template void RSP::Write<false>(n64::Mem &mem, n64::Registers &regs, u32 addr, u32 value);
 }
diff --git a/src/n64/core/RSP.hpp b/src/n64/core/RSP.hpp
index 781f66bf..ccf1b790 100644
--- a/src/n64/core/RSP.hpp
+++ b/src/n64/core/RSP.hpp
@@ -113,9 +113,7 @@ struct RSP {
   RSP();
   void Reset();
   void Step(Registers& regs, Mem& mem);
-  template <bool crashOnUnimplemented = true>
   auto Read(u32 addr) -> u32;
-  template <bool crashOnUnimplemented = true>
   void Write(Mem& mem, Registers& regs, u32 addr, u32 value);
   void Exec(Registers& regs, Mem& mem, u32 instr);
   SPStatus spStatus;
diff --git a/src/n64/core/mmio/AI.cpp b/src/n64/core/mmio/AI.cpp
index 23b2dec4..ec5597cc 100644
--- a/src/n64/core/mmio/AI.cpp
+++ b/src/n64/core/mmio/AI.cpp
@@ -34,7 +34,6 @@ auto AI::Read(u32 addr) const -> u32 {
 
 #define max(x, y) ((x) > (y) ? (x) : (y))
 
-template <bool crashOnUnimplemented>
 void AI::Write(Mem& mem, Registers& regs, u32 addr, u32 val) {
   switch(addr) {
     case 0x04500000:
@@ -70,15 +69,10 @@ void AI::Write(Mem& mem, Registers& regs, u32 addr, u32 val) {
       dac.precision = bitrate + 1;
       break;
     default:
-      if constexpr (crashOnUnimplemented) {
-        util::panic("Unhandled AI write at addr {:08X} with val {:08X}\n", addr, val);
-      }
+      util::panic("Unhandled AI write at addr {:08X} with val {:08X}\n", addr, val);
   }
 }
 
-template void AI::Write<true>(Mem&, Registers&, u32, u32);
-template void AI::Write<false>(Mem&, Registers&, u32, u32);
-
 void AI::Step(Mem& mem, Registers& regs, int cpuCycles, float volumeL, float volumeR) {
   cycles += cpuCycles;
   while(cycles > dac.period) {
diff --git a/src/n64/core/mmio/AI.hpp b/src/n64/core/mmio/AI.hpp
index 5a6f5691..bec1ade8 100644
--- a/src/n64/core/mmio/AI.hpp
+++ b/src/n64/core/mmio/AI.hpp
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ struct AI {
   AI() = default;
   void Reset();
   auto Read(u32) const -> u32;
-  template <bool crashOnUnimplemented = true>
   void Write(Mem&, Registers&, u32, u32);
   void Step(Mem&, Registers&, int, float, float);
   bool dmaEnable{};
diff --git a/src/n64/core/mmio/MI.cpp b/src/n64/core/mmio/MI.cpp
index f79b2106..7ad3f4c3 100644
--- a/src/n64/core/mmio/MI.cpp
+++ b/src/n64/core/mmio/MI.cpp
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@ void MI::Reset() {
   miMode = 0;
 }
 
-template <bool crashOnUnimplemented>
 auto MI::Read(u32 paddr) const -> u32 {
   switch(paddr & 0xF) {
     case 0x0: return miMode & 0x3FF;
@@ -24,17 +23,10 @@ auto MI::Read(u32 paddr) const -> u32 {
     case 0x8: return miIntr.raw & 0x3F;
     case 0xC: return miIntrMask.raw & 0x3F;
     default:
-      if constexpr (crashOnUnimplemented) {
-        util::panic("Unhandled MI[{:08X}] read\n", paddr);
-      }
-      return 0;
+      util::panic("Unhandled MI[{:08X}] read\n", paddr);
   }
 }
 
-template auto MI::Read<true>(u32 paddr) const -> u32;
-template auto MI::Read<false>(u32 paddr) const -> u32;
-
-template <bool crashOnUnimplemented>
 void MI::Write(Registers& regs, u32 paddr, u32 val) {
   switch(paddr & 0xF) {
     case 0x0:
@@ -86,12 +78,7 @@ void MI::Write(Registers& regs, u32 paddr, u32 val) {
       UpdateInterrupt(*this, regs);
       break;
     default:
-      if(crashOnUnimplemented) {
-        util::panic("Unhandled MI[{:08X}] write ({:08X})\n", val, paddr);
-      }
+      util::panic("Unhandled MI[{:08X}] write ({:08X})\n", val, paddr);
   }
 }
-
-template void MI::Write<true>(Registers&, u32 paddr, u32 val);
-template void MI::Write<false>(Registers&, u32 paddr, u32 val);
 }
diff --git a/src/n64/core/mmio/MI.hpp b/src/n64/core/mmio/MI.hpp
index d6b7b831..c8b5b04a 100644
--- a/src/n64/core/mmio/MI.hpp
+++ b/src/n64/core/mmio/MI.hpp
@@ -21,9 +21,7 @@ struct Registers;
 struct MI {
   MI();
   void Reset();
-  template <bool crashOnUnimplemented = true>
   [[nodiscard]] auto Read(u32) const -> u32;
-  template <bool crashOnUnimplemented = true>
   void Write(Registers& regs, u32, u32);
 
   u32 miMode;
diff --git a/src/n64/core/mmio/PI.cpp b/src/n64/core/mmio/PI.cpp
index 3512ede0..e2753d7f 100644
--- a/src/n64/core/mmio/PI.cpp
+++ b/src/n64/core/mmio/PI.cpp
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ void PI::Reset() {
   memset(stub, 0, 8);
 }
 
-template <bool crashOnUnimplemented>
 auto PI::Read(MI& mi, u32 addr) const -> u32 {
   switch(addr) {
     case 0x04600000: return dramAddr;
@@ -36,17 +35,10 @@ auto PI::Read(MI& mi, u32 addr) const -> u32 {
     case 0x04600024: case 0x04600028: case 0x0460002C: case 0x04600030:
       return stub[(addr & 0xff) - 5];
     default:
-      if constexpr (crashOnUnimplemented) {
-        util::panic("Unhandled PI[{:08X}] read\n", addr);
-      }
-      return 0;
+      util::panic("Unhandled PI[{:08X}] read\n", addr);
   }
 }
 
-template auto PI::Read<true>(MI&, u32) const -> u32;
-template auto PI::Read<false>(MI&, u32) const -> u32;
-
-template <bool crashOnUnimplemented>
 void PI::Write(Mem& mem, Registers& regs, u32 addr, u32 val) {
   MI& mi = mem.mmio.mi;
   switch(addr) {
@@ -94,12 +86,7 @@ void PI::Write(Mem& mem, Registers& regs, u32 addr, u32 val) {
       stub[(addr & 0xff) - 5] = val & 0xff;
       break;
     default:
-      if constexpr (crashOnUnimplemented) {
-        util::panic("Unhandled PI[{:08X}] write ({:08X})\n", val, addr);
-      }
+      util::panic("Unhandled PI[{:08X}] write ({:08X})\n", val, addr);
   }
 }
-
-template void PI::Write<true>(n64::Mem &mem, n64::Registers &regs, u32 addr, u32 val);
-template void PI::Write<false>(n64::Mem &mem, n64::Registers &regs, u32 addr, u32 val);
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/n64/core/mmio/PI.hpp b/src/n64/core/mmio/PI.hpp
index 9b6ca275..49ac8617 100644
--- a/src/n64/core/mmio/PI.hpp
+++ b/src/n64/core/mmio/PI.hpp
@@ -10,9 +10,7 @@ struct Registers;
 struct PI {
   PI();
   void Reset();
-  template <bool crashOnUnimplemented = true>
   auto Read(MI&, u32) const -> u32;
-  template <bool crashOnUnimplemented = true>
   void Write(Mem&, Registers&, u32, u32);
   u32 dramAddr{}, cartAddr{};
   u32 rdLen{}, wrLen{};
diff --git a/src/n64/core/mmio/RI.cpp b/src/n64/core/mmio/RI.cpp
index 30586a35..943e3128 100644
--- a/src/n64/core/mmio/RI.cpp
+++ b/src/n64/core/mmio/RI.cpp
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ void RI::Reset() {
   refresh = 0x63634;
 }
 
-template <bool crashOnUnimplemented>
 auto RI::Read(u32 addr) const -> u32 {
   switch(addr) {
     case 0x04700000: return mode;
@@ -21,17 +20,10 @@ auto RI::Read(u32 addr) const -> u32 {
     case 0x0470000C: return select;
     case 0x04700010: return refresh;
     default:
-      if constexpr (crashOnUnimplemented) {
-        util::panic("Unhandled RI[{:08X}] read\n", addr);
-      }
-      return 0;
+      util::panic("Unhandled RI[{:08X}] read\n", addr);
   }
 }
 
-template auto RI::Read<true>(u32 addr) const -> u32;
-template auto RI::Read<false>(u32 addr) const -> u32;
-
-template <bool crashOnUnimplemented>
 void RI::Write(u32 addr, u32 val) {
   switch(addr) {
     case 0x04700000: mode = val; break;
@@ -39,12 +31,7 @@ void RI::Write(u32 addr, u32 val) {
     case 0x0470000C: select = val; break;
     case 0x04700010: refresh = val; break;
     default:
-      if constexpr (crashOnUnimplemented) {
-        util::panic("Unhandled RI[{:08X}] write with val {:08X}\n", addr, val);
-      }
+      util::panic("Unhandled RI[{:08X}] write with val {:08X}\n", addr, val);
   }
 }
-
-template void RI::Write<true>(u32 addr, u32 val);
-template void RI::Write<false>(u32 addr, u32 val);
 }
diff --git a/src/n64/core/mmio/RI.hpp b/src/n64/core/mmio/RI.hpp
index 0aa687cd..36cd4ee7 100644
--- a/src/n64/core/mmio/RI.hpp
+++ b/src/n64/core/mmio/RI.hpp
@@ -6,9 +6,7 @@ namespace n64 {
 struct RI {
   RI();
   void Reset();
-  template <bool crashOnUnimplemented = true>
   auto Read(u32) const -> u32;
-  template <bool crashOnUnimplemented = true>
   void Write(u32, u32);
   u32 mode{0xE}, config{0x40}, select{0x14}, refresh{0x63634};
 };
diff --git a/src/n64/core/mmio/SI.cpp b/src/n64/core/mmio/SI.cpp
index c506efae..a779a80a 100644
--- a/src/n64/core/mmio/SI.cpp
+++ b/src/n64/core/mmio/SI.cpp
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ void SI::Reset() {
   controller.raw = 0;
 }
 
-template<bool crashOnUnimplemented>
 auto SI::Read(MI& mi, u32 addr) const -> u32 {
   switch(addr) {
     case 0x04800000: return dramAddr;
@@ -26,17 +25,10 @@ auto SI::Read(MI& mi, u32 addr) const -> u32 {
       return val;
     }
     default:
-      if constexpr (crashOnUnimplemented) {
-        util::panic("Unhandled SI[{:08X}] read\n", addr);
-      }
-      return 0;
+      util::panic("Unhandled SI[{:08X}] read\n", addr);
   }
 }
 
-template auto SI::Read<true>(MI &mi, u32 addr) const -> u32;
-template auto SI::Read<false>(MI &mi, u32 addr) const -> u32;
-
-template<bool crashOnUnimplemented>
 void SI::Write(Mem& mem, Registers& regs, u32 addr, u32 val) {
   switch(addr) {
     case 0x04800000:
@@ -66,12 +58,7 @@ void SI::Write(Mem& mem, Registers& regs, u32 addr, u32 val) {
       status.intr = 0;
       break;
     default:
-      if constexpr (crashOnUnimplemented) {
-        util::panic("Unhandled SI[%08X] write (%08X)\n", addr, val);
-      }
+      util::panic("Unhandled SI[%08X] write (%08X)\n", addr, val);
   }
 }
-
-template void SI::Write<true>(Mem &mem, Registers &regs, u32 addr, u32 val);
-template void SI::Write<false>(Mem &mem, Registers &regs, u32 addr, u32 val);
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/n64/core/mmio/SI.hpp b/src/n64/core/mmio/SI.hpp
index b21d73e7..1f05236e 100644
--- a/src/n64/core/mmio/SI.hpp
+++ b/src/n64/core/mmio/SI.hpp
@@ -27,9 +27,7 @@ struct SI {
   u32 dramAddr{};
   Controller controller{};
 
-  template<bool crashOnUnimplemented = true>
   auto Read(MI&, u32) const -> u32;
-  template<bool crashOnUnimplemented = true>
   void Write(Mem&, Registers&, u32, u32);
 };
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/n64/core/mmio/VI.cpp b/src/n64/core/mmio/VI.cpp
index f09a66ee..66f68c50 100644
--- a/src/n64/core/mmio/VI.cpp
+++ b/src/n64/core/mmio/VI.cpp
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ void VI::Reset() {
   cyclesPerHalfline = 1000;
 }
 
-template <bool crashOnUnimplemented>
 u32 VI::Read(u32 paddr) const {
   switch(paddr) {
     case 0x04400000: return status.raw;
@@ -40,17 +39,10 @@ u32 VI::Read(u32 paddr) const {
     case 0x04400030: return xscale.raw;
     case 0x04400034: return yscale.raw;
     default:
-      if constexpr (crashOnUnimplemented) {
-        util::panic("Unimplemented VI[%08X] read\n", paddr);
-      }
-      return 0;
+      util::panic("Unimplemented VI[%08X] read\n", paddr);
   }
 }
 
-template u32 VI::Read<true>(u32 paddr) const;
-template u32 VI::Read<false>(u32 paddr) const;
-
-template <bool crashOnUnimplemented>
 void VI::Write(MI& mi, Registers& regs, u32 paddr, u32 val) {
   switch(paddr) {
     case 0x04400000:
@@ -89,12 +81,7 @@ void VI::Write(MI& mi, Registers& regs, u32 paddr, u32 val) {
     case 0x04400030: xscale.raw = val; break;
     case 0x04400034: yscale.raw = val; break;
     default:
-      if constexpr (crashOnUnimplemented) {
-        util::panic("Unimplemented VI[%08X] write (%08X)\n", paddr, val);
-      }
+      util::panic("Unimplemented VI[%08X] write (%08X)\n", paddr, val);
   }
 }
-
-template void VI::Write<true>(n64::MI &mi, n64::Registers &regs, u32 paddr, u32 val);
-template void VI::Write<false>(n64::MI &mi, n64::Registers &regs, u32 paddr, u32 val);
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/n64/core/mmio/VI.hpp b/src/n64/core/mmio/VI.hpp
index b3100dbc..caf7fef3 100644
--- a/src/n64/core/mmio/VI.hpp
+++ b/src/n64/core/mmio/VI.hpp
@@ -88,9 +88,7 @@ struct Registers;
 struct VI {
   VI();
   void Reset();
-  template <bool crashOnUnimplemented = true>
   [[nodiscard]] u32 Read(u32) const;
-  template <bool crashOnUnimplemented = true>
   void Write(MI&, Registers&, u32, u32);
   AxisScale xscale{}, yscale{};
   VIHsyncLeap hsyncLeap{};
diff --git a/src/n64/core/rsp/instructions.cpp b/src/n64/core/rsp/instructions.cpp
index 4dde3718..49ae0b49 100644
--- a/src/n64/core/rsp/instructions.cpp
+++ b/src/n64/core/rsp/instructions.cpp
@@ -543,13 +543,13 @@ void RSP::sltiu(u32 instr) {
 
 inline s16 signedClamp(s64 val) {
   if(val < -32768) return -32768;
-  else if(val > 32767) return 32767;
+  if(val > 32767) return 32767;
   return val;
 }
 
 inline u16 unsignedClamp(s64 val) {
   if(val < 0) return 0;
-  else if(val > 32767) return 65535;
+  if(val > 32767) return 65535;
   return val;
 }
 
@@ -753,11 +753,16 @@ void RSP::vmulf(u32 instr) {
   VPR vte = GetVTE(vpr[VT(instr)], e);
 
   for(int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
-    s64 prod = (vs.selement[i] * vte.selement[i]) * 2 + 0x8000;
+    s16 op1 = vte.element[i];
+    s16 op2 = vs.element[i];
+    s32 prod = op1 * op2;
 
-    SetACC(i, prod);
+    s64 accum = prod;
+    accum = (accum * 2) + 0x8000;
 
-    s16 result = signedClamp(prod >> 16);
+    SetACC(i, accum);
+
+    s16 result = signedClamp(accum >> 16);
     vd.element[i] = result;
   }
 }
@@ -769,9 +774,13 @@ void RSP::vmulu(u32 instr) {
   VPR vte = GetVTE(vpr[VT(instr)], e);
 
   for(int i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
-    s32 prod = vs.selement[i] * vte.selement[i];
+    s16 op1 = vte.element[i];
+    s16 op2 = vs.element[i];
+    s32 prod = op1 * op2;
+
+    s64 accum = prod;
+    accum = (accum * 2) + 0x8000;
 
-    s64 accum = prod * 2 + 0x8000;
     SetACC(i, accum);
 
     u16 result = unsignedClamp(accum >> 16);