diff --git a/src/backend/RomHelpers.hpp b/src/backend/RomHelpers.hpp
index 6c9c0040..ebae39a2 100644
--- a/src/backend/RomHelpers.hpp
+++ b/src/backend/RomHelpers.hpp
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ namespace Util {
 #define V64 0x37800012
 
 template <bool toBE = false>
-FORCE_INLINE void SwapN64Rom(size_t size, u8 *rom, u32 endianness) {
+FORCE_INLINE void SwapN64Rom(std::vector<u8> &rom, u32 endianness) {
   u8 altByteShift = 0;
   if((endianness >> 24) != 0x80) {
     if((endianness & 0xFF) != 0x80) {
@@ -28,17 +28,17 @@ FORCE_INLINE void SwapN64Rom(size_t size, u8 *rom, u32 endianness) {
 
   switch (endianness) {
     case V64:
-      SwapBuffer16(size, rom);
+      SwapBuffer16(rom);
       if constexpr(!toBE)
-        SwapBuffer32(size, rom);
+        SwapBuffer32(rom);
       break;
     case N64:
       if constexpr(toBE)
-        SwapBuffer32(size, rom);
+        SwapBuffer32(rom);
       break;
     case Z64:
       if constexpr(!toBE)
-        SwapBuffer32(size, rom);
+        SwapBuffer32(rom);
       break;
     default:
       panic("Unrecognized rom format! Make sure this is a valid Nintendo 64 ROM dump!");
diff --git a/src/backend/core/MMIO.cpp b/src/backend/core/MMIO.cpp
index 3cb328fa..1f0ede02 100644
--- a/src/backend/core/MMIO.cpp
+++ b/src/backend/core/MMIO.cpp
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ std::vector<u8> MMIO::Serialize() {
   index += sizeof(DPC);
   memcpy(res.data() + index, rdp.cmd_buf, 0xFFFFF);
   index += 0xFFFFF;
-  memcpy(res.data() + index, rdp.rdram, RDRAM_SIZE);
+  std::copy(rdp.rdram.begin(), rdp.rdram.end(), res.begin() + index);
   index += RDRAM_SIZE;
   memcpy(res.data() + index, &mi, sizeof(MI));
   index += sizeof(MI);
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ void MMIO::Deserialize(const std::vector<u8> &data) {
   index += sizeof(DPC);
   memcpy(rdp.cmd_buf, data.data() + index, 0xFFFFF);
   index += 0xFFFFF;
-  memcpy(rdp.rdram, data.data() + index, RDRAM_SIZE);
+  std::copy(data.begin() + index, data.begin() + index + RDRAM_SIZE, rdp.rdram.begin());
   index += RDRAM_SIZE;
   memcpy(&mi, data.data() + index, sizeof(MI));
   index += sizeof(MI);
diff --git a/src/backend/core/Mem.cpp b/src/backend/core/Mem.cpp
index 5ba5c4bc..d8908bf7 100644
--- a/src/backend/core/Mem.cpp
+++ b/src/backend/core/Mem.cpp
@@ -19,11 +19,12 @@ Mem::Mem(Registers& regs) : flash(saveData), mmio(*this, regs) {
     writePages[i] = pointer;
   }
 
-  rom.cart = (u8*)calloc(CART_SIZE, 1);
+  rom.cart.resize(CART_SIZE);
+  std::fill(rom.cart.begin(), rom.cart.end(), 0);
 }
 
 void Mem::Reset() {
-  memset(rom.cart, 0, CART_SIZE);
+  std::fill(rom.cart.begin(), rom.cart.end(), 0);
   flash.Reset();
   if (saveData.is_mapped()) {
     std::error_code error;
@@ -46,9 +47,7 @@ void Mem::LoadSRAM(SaveType save_type, fs::path path) {
 
     FILE *f = fopen(sramPath.c_str(), "rb");
     if (!f) {
-      f = fopen(sramPath.c_str(), "wb");
-      u8* dummy = (u8*)calloc(SRAM_SIZE, 1);
-      fwrite(dummy, 1, SRAM_SIZE, f);
+      Util::panic("Could not open {}", sramPath);
     }
 
     fseek(f, 0, SEEK_END);
@@ -60,7 +59,7 @@ void Mem::LoadSRAM(SaveType save_type, fs::path path) {
     fclose(f);
     saveData = mio::make_mmap_sink(
       sramPath, 0, mio::map_entire_file, error);
-    if (error) { Util::panic("Could not open {}", sramPath); }
+    if (error) { Util::panic("Could not mmap {}", sramPath); }
   }
 }
 
@@ -99,13 +98,13 @@ std::vector<u8> Mem::OpenArchive(const std::string &path, size_t& sizeAdjusted)
 
   std::vector<u8> buf{};
 
-  std::string rom_exts[] = {".n64",".z64",".v64",".N64",".Z64",".V64"};
+  std::vector<std::string> rom_exts{".n64",".z64",".v64",".N64",".Z64",".V64"};
 
   while(ar_parse_entry(archive)) {
     auto filename = ar_entry_get_name(archive);
     auto extension = fs::path(filename).extension();
 
-    if(std::any_of(std::begin(rom_exts), std::end(rom_exts), [&](auto x) {
+    if(std::any_of(rom_exts.begin(), rom_exts.end(), [&](auto x) {
       return extension == x;
     })) {
       auto size = ar_entry_get_size(archive);
@@ -133,28 +132,24 @@ std::vector<u8> Mem::OpenROM(const std::string& filename, size_t& sizeAdjusted)
 
 void Mem::LoadROM(bool isArchive, const std::string& filename) {
   size_t sizeAdjusted;
-  u8* buf;
-  std::vector<u8> temp{};
-  if(isArchive) {
-    temp = OpenArchive(filename, sizeAdjusted);
-  } else {
-    temp = OpenROM(filename, sizeAdjusted);
+  u32 endianness;
+  {
+    std::vector<u8> buf{};
+    if (isArchive) {
+      buf = OpenArchive(filename, sizeAdjusted);
+    } else {
+      buf = OpenROM(filename, sizeAdjusted);
+    }
+
+    endianness = be32toh(*reinterpret_cast<u32*>(buf.data()));
+    Util::SwapN64Rom<true>(buf, endianness);
+
+    std::copy(buf.begin(), buf.end(), rom.cart.begin());
+    rom.mask = sizeAdjusted - 1;
+    memcpy(&rom.header, buf.data(), sizeof(ROMHeader));
   }
-
-  buf = (u8*)calloc(sizeAdjusted, 1);
-  std::copy(temp.begin(), temp.end(), buf);
-
-  u32 endianness = be32toh(*reinterpret_cast<u32*>(buf));
-  Util::SwapN64Rom<true>(sizeAdjusted, buf, endianness);
-
-  memcpy(rom.cart, buf, sizeAdjusted);
-  rom.size = sizeAdjusted;
-  rom.mask = sizeAdjusted - 1;
-  memcpy(&rom.header, buf, sizeof(ROMHeader));
   memcpy(rom.gameNameCart, rom.header.imageName, sizeof(rom.header.imageName));
 
-  free(buf);
-
   rom.header.clockRate = be32toh(rom.header.clockRate);
   rom.header.programCounter = be32toh(rom.header.programCounter);
   rom.header.release = be32toh(rom.header.release);
@@ -176,8 +171,8 @@ void Mem::LoadROM(bool isArchive, const std::string& filename) {
 
   u32 checksum = Util::crc32(0, &rom.cart[0x40], 0x9c0);
   SetROMCIC(checksum, rom);
-  endianness = be32toh(*reinterpret_cast<u32*>(rom.cart));
-  Util::SwapN64Rom(sizeAdjusted, rom.cart, endianness);
+  endianness = be32toh(*reinterpret_cast<u32*>(rom.cart.data()));
+  Util::SwapN64Rom(rom.cart, endianness);
   rom.pal = IsROMPAL();
 }
 
@@ -194,13 +189,8 @@ template<> u8 Mem::Read(n64::Registers &regs, u32 paddr) {
       case RDRAM_REGION:
         return mmio.rdp.rdram[BYTE_ADDRESS(paddr)];
       case RSP_MEM_REGION: {
-        u32 mirrAddr = paddr & 0x1FFF;
-        if(mirrAddr & 0x1000) {
-          mirrAddr -= 0x1000;
-          return mmio.rsp.imem[BYTE_ADDRESS(mirrAddr)];
-        } else {
-          return mmio.rsp.dmem[BYTE_ADDRESS(mirrAddr)];
-        }
+        auto& src = paddr & 0x1000 ? mmio.rsp.imem : mmio.rsp.dmem;
+        return src[BYTE_ADDRESS(paddr & 0xfff)];
       }
       case REGION_CART:
         return mmio.pi.BusRead<u8, false>(*this, paddr);
@@ -242,13 +232,8 @@ template<> u16 Mem::Read(n64::Registers &regs, u32 paddr) {
       case RDRAM_REGION:
         return Util::ReadAccess<u16>(mmio.rdp.rdram, HALF_ADDRESS(paddr));
       case RSP_MEM_REGION: {
-        u32 mirrAddr = paddr & 0x1FFF;
-        if(mirrAddr & 0x1000) {
-          mirrAddr -= 0x1000;
-          return Util::ReadAccess<u16>(mmio.rsp.imem, HALF_ADDRESS(mirrAddr));
-        } else {
-          return Util::ReadAccess<u16>(mmio.rsp.dmem, HALF_ADDRESS(mirrAddr));
-        }
+        auto& src = paddr & 0x1000 ? mmio.rsp.imem : mmio.rsp.dmem;
+        return Util::ReadAccess<u16>(src, HALF_ADDRESS(paddr & 0xfff));
       }
       case MMIO_REGION:
         return mmio.Read(paddr);
@@ -282,13 +267,8 @@ template<> u32 Mem::Read(n64::Registers &regs, u32 paddr) {
       case RDRAM_REGION:
         return Util::ReadAccess<u32>(mmio.rdp.rdram, paddr);
       case RSP_MEM_REGION: {
-        u32 mirrAddr = paddr & 0x1FFF;
-        if(mirrAddr & 0x1000) {
-          mirrAddr -= 0x1000;
-          return Util::ReadAccess<u32>(mmio.rsp.imem, mirrAddr);
-        } else {
-          return Util::ReadAccess<u32>(mmio.rsp.dmem, mirrAddr);
-        }
+        auto& src = paddr & 0x1000 ? mmio.rsp.imem : mmio.rsp.dmem;
+        return Util::ReadAccess<u32>(src, paddr & 0xfff);
       }
       case MMIO_REGION:
         return mmio.Read(paddr);
@@ -319,13 +299,8 @@ template<> u64 Mem::Read(n64::Registers &regs, u32 paddr) {
       case RDRAM_REGION:
         return Util::ReadAccess<u64>(mmio.rdp.rdram, paddr);
       case RSP_MEM_REGION: {
-        u32 mirrAddr = paddr & 0x1FFF;
-        if(mirrAddr & 0x1000) {
-          mirrAddr -= 0x1000;
-          return Util::ReadAccess<u64>(mmio.rsp.imem, mirrAddr);
-        } else {
-          return Util::ReadAccess<u64>(mmio.rsp.dmem, mirrAddr);
-        }
+        auto& src = paddr & 0x1000 ? mmio.rsp.imem : mmio.rsp.dmem;
+        return Util::ReadAccess<u64>(src, paddr & 0xfff);
       }
       case MMIO_REGION:
         return mmio.Read(paddr);
@@ -360,14 +335,10 @@ template<> void Mem::Write<u8>(Registers& regs, u32 paddr, u32 val) {
         mmio.rdp.rdram[BYTE_ADDRESS(paddr)] = val;
         break;
       case RSP_MEM_REGION: {
-        u32 mirrAddr = paddr & 0x1FFF;
-        val = val << (8 * (3 - (mirrAddr & 3)));
-        mirrAddr = (mirrAddr & 0xFFF) & ~3;
-        if(mirrAddr & 0x1000) {
-          Util::WriteAccess<u32>(mmio.rsp.imem, mirrAddr, val);
-        } else {
-          Util::WriteAccess<u32>(mmio.rsp.dmem, mirrAddr, val);
-        }
+        val = val << (8 * (3 - (paddr & 3)));
+        auto& dest = paddr & 0x1000 ? mmio.rsp.imem : mmio.rsp.dmem;
+        paddr = (paddr & 0xFFF) & ~3;
+        Util::WriteAccess<u32>(dest, paddr, val);
       } break;
       case REGION_CART:
         Util::trace("BusWrite<u8> @ {:08X} = {:02X}", paddr, val);
@@ -409,14 +380,10 @@ template<> void Mem::Write<u16>(Registers& regs, u32 paddr, u32 val) {
         Util::WriteAccess<u16>(mmio.rdp.rdram, HALF_ADDRESS(paddr), val);
         break;
       case RSP_MEM_REGION: {
-        u32 mirrAddr = paddr & 0x1FFF;
-        val = val << (16 * !(mirrAddr & 2));
-        mirrAddr = (mirrAddr & 0xFFF) & ~3;
-        if(mirrAddr & 0x1000) {
-          Util::WriteAccess<u32>(mmio.rsp.imem, mirrAddr, val);
-        } else {
-          Util::WriteAccess<u32>(mmio.rsp.dmem, mirrAddr, val);
-        }
+        val = val << (16 * !(paddr & 2));
+        auto& dest = paddr & 0x1000 ? mmio.rsp.imem : mmio.rsp.dmem;
+        paddr = (paddr & 0xFFF) & ~3;
+        Util::WriteAccess<u32>(dest, paddr, val);
       } break;
       case REGION_CART:
         Util::trace("BusWrite<u8> @ {:08X} = {:04X}", paddr, val);
@@ -458,12 +425,8 @@ template<> void Mem::Write<u32>(Registers& regs, u32 paddr, u32 val) {
         Util::WriteAccess<u32>(mmio.rdp.rdram, paddr, val);
         break;
       case RSP_MEM_REGION: {
-        u32 mirrAddr = paddr & 0x1FFF;
-        if(mirrAddr & 0x1000) {
-          Util::WriteAccess<u32>(mmio.rsp.imem, paddr & IMEM_DSIZE, val);
-        } else {
-          Util::WriteAccess<u32>(mmio.rsp.dmem, paddr & DMEM_DSIZE, val);
-        }
+        auto& dest = paddr & 0x1000 ? mmio.rsp.imem : mmio.rsp.dmem;
+        Util::WriteAccess<u32>(dest, paddr & 0xfff, val);
       } break;
       case REGION_CART:
         Util::trace("BusWrite<u8> @ {:08X} = {:08X}", paddr, val);
@@ -501,13 +464,9 @@ void Mem::Write(Registers& regs, u32 paddr, u64 val) {
         Util::WriteAccess<u64>(mmio.rdp.rdram, paddr, val);
         break;
       case RSP_MEM_REGION: {
-        u32 mirrAddr = paddr & 0x1FFF;
+        auto& dest = paddr & 0x1000 ? mmio.rsp.imem : mmio.rsp.dmem;
         val >>= 32;
-        if(mirrAddr & 0x1000) {
-          Util::WriteAccess<u32>(mmio.rsp.imem, paddr & IMEM_DSIZE, val);
-        } else {
-          Util::WriteAccess<u32>(mmio.rsp.dmem, paddr & DMEM_DSIZE, val);
-        }
+        Util::WriteAccess<u32>(dest, paddr & 0xfff, val);
       } break;
       case REGION_CART:
         Util::trace("BusWrite<u8> @ {:08X} = {:016X}", paddr, val);
diff --git a/src/backend/core/Mem.hpp b/src/backend/core/Mem.hpp
index d445b717..88c001c9 100644
--- a/src/backend/core/Mem.hpp
+++ b/src/backend/core/Mem.hpp
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 #include <Registers.hpp>
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <GameDB.hpp>
+#include <File.hpp>
 
 namespace n64 {
 struct ROMHeader {
@@ -26,8 +27,7 @@ struct ROMHeader {
 };
 
 struct ROM {
-  u8* cart;
-  size_t size;
+  std::vector<u8> cart;
   size_t mask;
   ROMHeader header;
   CICType cicType;
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ struct Flash {
   u64 status{};
   size_t eraseOffs{};
   size_t writeOffs{};
-  u8 writeBuf[128]{};
+  std::array<u8, 128> writeBuf{};
   std::string flashPath{};
   mio::mmap_sink& saveData;
 
@@ -87,7 +87,11 @@ struct Mem {
   static std::vector<u8> OpenROM(const std::string&, size_t&);
   static std::vector<u8> OpenArchive(const std::string&, size_t&);
   void LoadROM(bool, const std::string&);
-  [[nodiscard]] auto GetRDRAM() const -> u8* {
+  [[nodiscard]] auto GetRDRAMPtr() -> u8* {
+    return mmio.rdp.rdram.data();
+  }
+
+  [[nodiscard]] auto GetRDRAM() -> std::vector<u8>& {
     return mmio.rdp.rdram;
   }
 
@@ -108,33 +112,25 @@ struct Mem {
   MMIO mmio;
 
   FORCE_INLINE void DumpRDRAM() const {
-    FILE *fp = fopen("rdram.dump", "wb");
-    u8 *temp = (u8*)calloc(RDRAM_SIZE, 1);
-    memcpy(temp, mmio.rdp.rdram, RDRAM_SIZE);
-    Util::SwapBuffer32(RDRAM_SIZE, temp);
-    fwrite(temp, 1, RDRAM_SIZE, fp);
-    free(temp);
-    fclose(fp);
+    std::vector<u8> temp{};
+    temp.resize(RDRAM_SIZE);
+    std::copy(mmio.rdp.rdram.begin(), mmio.rdp.rdram.end(), temp.begin());
+    Util::SwapBuffer32(temp);
+    Util::WriteFileBinary(temp, "rdram.bin");
   }
 
   FORCE_INLINE void DumpIMEM() const {
-    FILE *fp = fopen("imem.bin", "wb");
-    u8 *temp = (u8*)calloc(IMEM_SIZE, 1);
-    memcpy(temp, mmio.rsp.imem, IMEM_SIZE);
-    Util::SwapBuffer32(IMEM_SIZE, temp);
-    fwrite(temp, 1, IMEM_SIZE, fp);
-    free(temp);
-    fclose(fp);
+    std::array<u8, IMEM_SIZE> temp{};
+    std::copy(mmio.rsp.imem.begin(), mmio.rsp.imem.end(), temp.begin());
+    Util::SwapBuffer32(temp);
+    Util::WriteFileBinary(temp, "imem.bin");
   }
 
   FORCE_INLINE void DumpDMEM() const {
-    FILE *fp = fopen("dmem.dump", "wb");
-    u8 *temp = (u8*)calloc(DMEM_SIZE, 1);
-    memcpy(temp, mmio.rsp.dmem, DMEM_SIZE);
-    Util::SwapBuffer32(DMEM_SIZE, temp);
-    fwrite(temp, 1, DMEM_SIZE, fp);
-    free(temp);
-    fclose(fp);
+    std::array<u8, DMEM_SIZE> temp{};
+    std::copy(mmio.rsp.dmem.begin(), mmio.rsp.dmem.end(), temp.begin());
+    Util::SwapBuffer32(temp);
+    Util::WriteFileBinary(temp, "dmem.bin");
   }
   uintptr_t writePages[PAGE_COUNT]{}, readPages[PAGE_COUNT]{};
   ROM rom;
diff --git a/src/backend/core/RDP.cpp b/src/backend/core/RDP.cpp
index 09a490ab..a2ca1888 100644
--- a/src/backend/core/RDP.cpp
+++ b/src/backend/core/RDP.cpp
@@ -6,14 +6,14 @@
 
 namespace n64 {
 RDP::RDP() {
-  rdram = (u8*)calloc(RDRAM_SIZE, 1);
+  rdram.resize(RDRAM_SIZE);
   memset(cmd_buf, 0, 0x100000);
   dpc.status.raw = 0x80;
 }
 
 void RDP::Reset() {
   dpc.status.raw = 0x80;
-  memset(rdram, 0, RDRAM_SIZE);
+  rdram = {};
   memset(cmd_buf, 0, 0x100000);
 }
 
diff --git a/src/backend/core/RDP.hpp b/src/backend/core/RDP.hpp
index 12b6681f..6bf0bec0 100644
--- a/src/backend/core/RDP.hpp
+++ b/src/backend/core/RDP.hpp
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ struct RDP {
   RDP();
   void Reset();
 
-  u8* rdram = nullptr;
+  std::vector<u8> rdram{};
   [[nodiscard]] auto Read(u32 addr) const -> u32;
   void Write(MI& mi, Registers& regs, RSP& rsp, u32 addr, u32 val);
   void WriteStatus(MI& mi, Registers& regs, RSP& rsp, u32 val);
diff --git a/src/backend/core/RSP.cpp b/src/backend/core/RSP.cpp
index 343e104c..9844e922 100644
--- a/src/backend/core/RSP.cpp
+++ b/src/backend/core/RSP.cpp
@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ void RSP::Reset() {
   spDMASPAddr.raw = 0;
   spDMADRAMAddr.raw = 0;
   spDMALen.raw = 0;
-  memset(dmem, 0, DMEM_SIZE);
-  memset(imem, 0, IMEM_SIZE);
+  dmem = {};
+  imem = {};
   memset(vpr, 0, 32 * sizeof(VPR));
   memset(gpr, 0, 32 * sizeof(u32));
   memset(&vce, 0, sizeof(VPR));
@@ -116,11 +116,11 @@ void RSP::Write(Mem& mem, Registers& regs, u32 addr, u32 value) {
     case 0x04040004: spDMADRAMAddr.raw = value & 0xFFFFF8; break;
     case 0x04040008: {
       spDMALen.raw = value;
-      DMA<false>(spDMALen, mem.GetRDRAM(), *this, spDMASPAddr.bank);
+      DMAtoRSP(spDMALen, mem.GetRDRAM(), *this, spDMASPAddr.bank);
     } break;
     case 0x0404000C: {
       spDMALen.raw = value;
-      DMA<true>(spDMALen, mem.GetRDRAM(), *this, spDMASPAddr.bank);
+      DMAtoRDRAM(spDMALen, mem.GetRDRAM(), *this, spDMASPAddr.bank);
     } break;
     case 0x04040010: WriteStatus(mi, regs, value); break;
     case 0x0404001C: ReleaseSemaphore(); break;
diff --git a/src/backend/core/RSP.hpp b/src/backend/core/RSP.hpp
index e099d355..5ec1cb40 100644
--- a/src/backend/core/RSP.hpp
+++ b/src/backend/core/RSP.hpp
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 #include <MemoryRegions.hpp>
 #include <MemoryHelpers.hpp>
 #include <Interrupt.hpp>
+#include <array>
 
 #define RSP_BYTE(addr) (dmem[BYTE_ADDRESS(addr) & 0xFFF])
 #define GET_RSP_HALF(addr) ((RSP_BYTE(addr) << 8) | RSP_BYTE((addr) + 1))
@@ -134,7 +135,8 @@ struct RSP {
   SPDMASPAddr lastSuccessfulSPAddr{};
   SPDMADRAMAddr lastSuccessfulDRAMAddr{};
   SPDMALen spDMALen{};
-  u8 dmem[DMEM_SIZE]{}, imem[IMEM_SIZE]{};
+  std::array<u8, DMEM_SIZE> dmem{};
+  std::array<u8, IMEM_SIZE> imem{};
   VPR vpr[32]{};
   s32 gpr[32]{};
   VPR vce{};
@@ -356,31 +358,50 @@ struct RSP {
   void mfc2(u32 instr);
   void mtc2(u32 instr);
 
-  template <bool isDRAMdest>
-  FORCE_INLINE void DMA(SPDMALen len, u8* rdram, RSP& rsp, bool bank) {
+  FORCE_INLINE void DMAtoRDRAM(SPDMALen len, std::vector<u8>& rdram, RSP& rsp, bool bank) {
     u32 length = len.len + 1;
 
     length = (length + 0x7) & ~0x7;
 
-    u8* dst, *src;
-    if constexpr (isDRAMdest) {
-      dst = rdram;
-      src = bank ? rsp.imem : rsp.dmem;
-    } else {
-      src = rdram;
-      dst = bank ? rsp.imem : rsp.dmem;
-    }
+    std::vector<u8>& dst = rdram;
+    std::array<u8, DMEM_SIZE>& src = bank ? rsp.imem : rsp.dmem;
 
     u32 mem_address = rsp.spDMASPAddr.address & 0xFF8;
     u32 dram_address = rsp.spDMADRAMAddr.address & 0xFFFFF8;
 
     for (u32 i = 0; i < len.count + 1; i++) {
       for(u32 j = 0; j < length; j++) {
-        if constexpr (isDRAMdest) {
-          dst[dram_address + j] = src[(mem_address + j) & 0xFFF];
-        } else {
-          dst[(mem_address + j) & 0xFFF] = src[dram_address + j];
-        }
+        dst[dram_address + j] = src[(mem_address + j) & 0xFFF];
+      }
+
+      int skip = i == len.count ? 0 : len.skip;
+
+      dram_address += (length + skip);
+      dram_address &= 0xFFFFF8;
+      mem_address += length;
+      mem_address &= 0xFF8;
+    }
+
+    rsp.lastSuccessfulSPAddr.address = mem_address;
+    rsp.lastSuccessfulSPAddr.bank = bank;
+    rsp.lastSuccessfulDRAMAddr.address = dram_address;
+    rsp.spDMALen.raw = 0xFF8 | (rsp.spDMALen.skip << 20);
+  }
+
+  FORCE_INLINE void DMAtoRSP(SPDMALen len, std::vector<u8>& rdram, RSP& rsp, bool bank) {
+    u32 length = len.len + 1;
+
+    length = (length + 0x7) & ~0x7;
+
+    std::vector<u8>& src = rdram;
+    std::array<u8, DMEM_SIZE>& dst = bank ? rsp.imem : rsp.dmem;
+
+    u32 mem_address = rsp.spDMASPAddr.address & 0xFF8;
+    u32 dram_address = rsp.spDMADRAMAddr.address & 0xFFFFF8;
+
+    for (u32 i = 0; i < len.count + 1; i++) {
+      for(u32 j = 0; j < length; j++) {
+        dst[(mem_address + j) & 0xFFF] = src[dram_address + j];
       }
 
       int skip = i == len.count ? 0 : len.skip;
diff --git a/src/backend/core/mem/Flash.cpp b/src/backend/core/mem/Flash.cpp
index 6d872b06..e7a0835b 100644
--- a/src/backend/core/mem/Flash.cpp
+++ b/src/backend/core/mem/Flash.cpp
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ std::vector<u8> Flash::Serialize() {
   index += sizeof(eraseOffs);
   memcpy(res.data() + index, &writeOffs, sizeof(writeOffs));
   index += sizeof(writeOffs);
-  memcpy(res.data() + index, writeBuf, 128);
+  std::copy(writeBuf.begin(), writeBuf.end(), res.begin() + index);
 
   return res;
 }
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ void Flash::Deserialize(const std::vector<u8>& data) {
   index += sizeof(eraseOffs);
   memcpy(&writeOffs, data.data() + index, sizeof(writeOffs));
   index += sizeof(writeOffs);
-  memcpy(writeBuf, data.data() + index, 128);
+  std::copy(data.begin() + index, data.begin() + index + 128, writeBuf.begin());
 }
 
 template <> void Flash::Write<u32>(u32 index, u32 val) {
diff --git a/src/backend/core/mmio/PI.cpp b/src/backend/core/mmio/PI.cpp
index 6d4e4d20..34dc7da2 100644
--- a/src/backend/core/mmio/PI.cpp
+++ b/src/backend/core/mmio/PI.cpp
@@ -62,8 +62,8 @@ template<> auto PI::BusRead<u8, true>(Mem& mem, u32 addr) -> u8 {
     case REGION_PI_ROM: {
       // round to nearest 4 byte boundary, keeping old LSB
       u32 index = BYTE_ADDRESS(addr) - SREGION_PI_ROM;
-      if (index >= mem.rom.size) {
-        Util::warn("Address 0x{:08X} accessed an index {}/0x{:X} outside the bounds of the ROM! ({}/0x{:016X})", addr, index, index, mem.rom.size, mem.rom.size);
+      if (index >= mem.rom.cart.size()) {
+        Util::warn("Address 0x{:08X} accessed an index {}/0x{:X} outside the bounds of the ROM! ({}/0x{:016X})", addr, index, index, mem.rom.cart.size(), mem.rom.cart.size());
         return 0xFF;
       }
       return mem.rom.cart[index];
@@ -92,8 +92,8 @@ template<> auto PI::BusRead<u8, false>(Mem& mem, u32 addr) -> u8 {
       addr = (addr + 2) & ~2;
       // round to nearest 4 byte boundary, keeping old LSB
       u32 index = BYTE_ADDRESS(addr) - SREGION_PI_ROM;
-      if (index >= mem.rom.size) {
-        Util::warn("Address 0x{:08X} accessed an index {}/0x{:X} outside the bounds of the ROM! ({}/0x{:016X})", addr, index, index, mem.rom.size, mem.rom.size);
+      if (index >= mem.rom.cart.size()) {
+        Util::warn("Address 0x{:08X} accessed an index {}/0x{:X} outside the bounds of the ROM! ({}/0x{:016X})", addr, index, index, mem.rom.cart.size(), mem.rom.cart.size());
         return 0xFF;
       }
       return mem.rom.cart[index];
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ template <> auto PI::BusRead<u16, false>(Mem& mem, u32 addr) -> u16 {
     case REGION_PI_ROM: {
       addr = (addr + 2) & ~3;
       u32 index = HALF_ADDRESS(addr) - SREGION_PI_ROM;
-      if (index > mem.rom.size - 1) {
+      if (index > mem.rom.cart.size() - 1) {
         Util::panic("Address 0x{:08X} accessed an index {}/0x{:X} outside the bounds of the ROM!", addr, index, index);
       }
       return Util::ReadAccess<u16>(mem.rom.cart, index);
@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ template <> auto PI::BusRead<u32, false>(Mem& mem, u32 addr) -> u32 {
       return mem.BackupRead<u32>(addr);
     case REGION_PI_ROM: {
       u32 index = addr - SREGION_PI_ROM;
-      if (index > mem.rom.size - 3) { // -3 because we're reading an entire word
+      if (index > mem.rom.cart.size() - 3) { // -3 because we're reading an entire word
         switch (addr) {
           case REGION_CART_ISVIEWER_BUFFER:
             return htobe32(Util::ReadAccess<u32>(mem.isviewer, addr - SREGION_CART_ISVIEWER_BUFFER));
@@ -313,7 +313,7 @@ template <> auto PI::BusRead<u64, false>(Mem& mem, u32 addr) -> u64 {
       Util::panic("Reading dword from address 0x{:08X} in unsupported region: REGION_PI_SRAM", addr);
     case REGION_PI_ROM: {
       u32 index = addr - SREGION_PI_ROM;
-      if (index > mem.rom.size - 7) { // -7 because we're reading an entire dword
+      if (index > mem.rom.cart.size() - 7) { // -7 because we're reading an entire dword
         Util::panic("Address 0x{:08X} accessed an index {}/0x{:X} outside the bounds of the ROM!", addr, index, index);
       }
       return Util::ReadAccess<u64>(mem.rom.cart, index);
diff --git a/src/backend/core/mmio/PIF.cpp b/src/backend/core/mmio/PIF.cpp
index 31cdd629..60de423d 100644
--- a/src/backend/core/mmio/PIF.cpp
+++ b/src/backend/core/mmio/PIF.cpp
@@ -593,7 +593,7 @@ void PIF::HLE(bool pal, CICType cicType) {
   regs.gpr[22] = (cicSeeds[cicType] >> 8) & 0xFF;
   regs.cop0.Reset();
   mem.Write<u32>(regs, 0x04300004, 0x01010101);
-  memcpy(mem.mmio.rsp.dmem, mem.rom.cart, 0x1000);
+  std::copy(mem.rom.cart.begin(), mem.rom.cart.begin() + 0x1000, mem.mmio.rsp.dmem.begin());
   regs.SetPC32(s32(0xA4000040));
 }
 
diff --git a/src/backend/core/rsp/decode.cpp b/src/backend/core/rsp/decode.cpp
index a2553df1..5c6a6253 100644
--- a/src/backend/core/rsp/decode.cpp
+++ b/src/backend/core/rsp/decode.cpp
@@ -221,13 +221,7 @@ void RSP::Exec(Registers &regs, Mem& mem, u32 instr) {
     case 0x32: lwc2(*this, instr); break;
     case 0x3A: swc2(*this, instr); break;
     default:
-      FILE *fp = fopen("imem.bin", "wb");
-      u8 *temp = (u8*)calloc(IMEM_SIZE, 1);
-      memcpy(temp, imem, IMEM_SIZE);
-      Util::SwapBuffer32(IMEM_SIZE, temp);
-      fwrite(temp, 1, IMEM_SIZE, fp);
-      free(temp);
-      fclose(fp);
+      mem.DumpIMEM();
       Util::panic("Unhandled RSP instruction ({:06b}, {:04X})", mask, oldPC);
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/backend/core/rsp/instructions.cpp b/src/backend/core/rsp/instructions.cpp
index d3059164..f34ae878 100644
--- a/src/backend/core/rsp/instructions.cpp
+++ b/src/backend/core/rsp/instructions.cpp
@@ -60,11 +60,11 @@ FORCE_INLINE void SetCop0Reg(Registers& regs, Mem& mem, u8 index, u32 val) {
     case 1: rsp.spDMADRAMAddr.raw = val; break;
     case 2:
       rsp.spDMALen.raw = val;
-      rsp.DMA<false>(rsp.spDMALen, mem.GetRDRAM(), rsp, rsp.spDMASPAddr.bank);
+      rsp.DMAtoRSP(rsp.spDMALen, mem.GetRDRAM(), rsp, rsp.spDMASPAddr.bank);
       break;
     case 3:
       rsp.spDMALen.raw = val;
-      rsp.DMA<true>(rsp.spDMALen, mem.GetRDRAM(), rsp, rsp.spDMASPAddr.bank);
+      rsp.DMAtoRDRAM(rsp.spDMALen, mem.GetRDRAM(), rsp, rsp.spDMASPAddr.bank);
       break;
     case 4: rsp.WriteStatus(mi, regs, val); break;
     case 7:
diff --git a/src/frontend/EmuThread.cpp b/src/frontend/EmuThread.cpp
index 6b03cb54..a338bb8f 100644
--- a/src/frontend/EmuThread.cpp
+++ b/src/frontend/EmuThread.cpp
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ EmuThread::EmuThread(std::unique_ptr<QtInstanceFactory>&& instance, std::unique_
 
 [[noreturn]] void EmuThread::run() noexcept {
   LoadWSIPlatform(instance.get(), std::move(wsiPlatform), std::move(windowInfo));
-  LoadParallelRDP(core->cpu->mem.GetRDRAM());
+  LoadParallelRDP(core->cpu->mem.GetRDRAMPtr());
 
   while (true) {
     if (!core->pause) {
diff --git a/src/utils/File.hpp b/src/utils/File.hpp
index dd21ba54..63bca37a 100644
--- a/src/utils/File.hpp
+++ b/src/utils/File.hpp
@@ -8,6 +8,17 @@ FORCE_INLINE std::vector<u8> ReadFileBinary(const std::string& path) {
   return {std::istreambuf_iterator{file}, {}};
 }
 
+FORCE_INLINE void WriteFileBinary(const std::vector<u8>& data, const std::string& path) {
+  std::ofstream file(path, std::ios::binary);
+  std::copy(data.begin(), data.end(), std::ostreambuf_iterator{file});
+}
+
+template <size_t Size>
+FORCE_INLINE void WriteFileBinary(const std::array<u8, Size>& data, const std::string& path) {
+  std::ofstream file(path, std::ios::binary);
+  std::copy(data.begin(), data.end(), std::ostreambuf_iterator{file});
+}
+
 FORCE_INLINE size_t NextPow2(size_t num) {
   // Taken from "Bit Twiddling Hacks" by Sean Anderson:
   // https://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html#RoundUpPowerOf2
diff --git a/src/utils/MemoryHelpers.hpp b/src/utils/MemoryHelpers.hpp
index a08221a2..75a589ca 100644
--- a/src/utils/MemoryHelpers.hpp
+++ b/src/utils/MemoryHelpers.hpp
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 namespace Util {
 template<typename T>
-static FORCE_INLINE T ReadAccess(const u8 *data, u32 index) {
+static FORCE_INLINE T ReadAccess(const u8* data, u32 index) {
   if constexpr (sizeof(T) == 8) {
     u32 hi = *reinterpret_cast<const u32*>(&data[index + 0]);
     u32 lo = *reinterpret_cast<const u32*>(&data[index + 4]);
@@ -17,6 +17,56 @@ static FORCE_INLINE T ReadAccess(const u8 *data, u32 index) {
   }
 }
 
+template<typename T>
+static FORCE_INLINE T ReadAccess(const std::vector<u8>& data, u32 index) {
+  if constexpr (sizeof(T) == 8) {
+    u32 hi = *reinterpret_cast<const u32*>(&data[index + 0]);
+    u32 lo = *reinterpret_cast<const u32*>(&data[index + 4]);
+    T result = ((T)hi << 32) | (T)lo;
+    return result;
+  } else {
+    return *reinterpret_cast<const T*>(&data[index]);
+  }
+}
+
+template<typename T, size_t Size>
+static FORCE_INLINE T ReadAccess(const std::array<u8, Size>& data, u32 index) {
+  if constexpr (sizeof(T) == 8) {
+    u32 hi = *reinterpret_cast<const u32*>(&data[index + 0]);
+    u32 lo = *reinterpret_cast<const u32*>(&data[index + 4]);
+    T result = ((T)hi << 32) | (T)lo;
+    return result;
+  } else {
+    return *reinterpret_cast<const T*>(&data[index]);
+  }
+}
+
+template<typename T, size_t Size>
+static FORCE_INLINE void WriteAccess(std::array<u8, Size>& data, u32 index, T val) {
+  if constexpr (sizeof(T) == 8) {
+    u32 hi = val >> 32;
+    u32 lo = val;
+
+    *reinterpret_cast<u32*>(&data[index + 0]) = hi;
+    *reinterpret_cast<u32*>(&data[index + 4]) = lo;
+  } else {
+    *reinterpret_cast<T*>(&data[index]) = val;
+  }
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+static FORCE_INLINE void WriteAccess(std::vector<u8>& data, u32 index, T val) {
+  if constexpr (sizeof(T) == 8) {
+    u32 hi = val >> 32;
+    u32 lo = val;
+
+    *reinterpret_cast<u32*>(&data[index + 0]) = hi;
+    *reinterpret_cast<u32*>(&data[index + 4]) = lo;
+  } else {
+    *reinterpret_cast<T*>(&data[index]) = val;
+  }
+}
+
 template<typename T>
 static FORCE_INLINE void WriteAccess(u8 *data, u32 index, T val) {
   if constexpr (sizeof(T) == 8) {
@@ -30,15 +80,31 @@ static FORCE_INLINE void WriteAccess(u8 *data, u32 index, T val) {
   }
 }
 
-FORCE_INLINE void SwapBuffer32(size_t size, u8 *data) {
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < size; i += 4) {
+FORCE_INLINE void SwapBuffer32(std::vector<u8> &data) {
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < data.size(); i += 4) {
     u32 original = *(u32 *) &data[i];
     *(u32 *) &data[i] = bswap_32(original);
   }
 }
 
-FORCE_INLINE void SwapBuffer16(size_t size, u8 *data) {
-  for (size_t i = 0; i < size; i += 2) {
+FORCE_INLINE void SwapBuffer16(std::vector<u8> &data) {
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < data.size(); i += 2) {
+    u16 original = *(u16 *) &data[i];
+    *(u16 *) &data[i] = bswap_16(original);
+  }
+}
+
+template <size_t Size>
+FORCE_INLINE void SwapBuffer32(std::array<u8, Size> &data) {
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < Size; i += 4) {
+    u32 original = *(u32 *) &data[i];
+    *(u32 *) &data[i] = bswap_32(original);
+  }
+}
+
+template <size_t Size>
+FORCE_INLINE void SwapBuffer16(std::array<u8, Size> &data) {
+  for (size_t i = 0; i < Size; i += 2) {
     u16 original = *(u16 *) &data[i];
     *(u16 *) &data[i] = bswap_16(original);
   }